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Primorsky Krai received its modern name and current administrative-territorial status on October 20, 1938. On this day, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Far Eastern Krai was divided into Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions.
Primorsky Krai is located in the south of the Russian Far East, in the southeastern part of the Russian Federation. It borders Khabarovsk Krai to the north, China to the west, North Korea to the southwest, and is washed by the Sea of Japan to the south and east. In the southwest of the krai, the border with China runs along Lake Khanka.
Primorsky Krai is one of Russia's most beautiful regions. It is home to over 520 natural sites (lakes, waterfalls, caves, etc.); the unique Ussuri taiga, the Far Eastern Marine Reserve with numerous species of marine animals, the Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve with subtropical forests and ginseng, the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve and the Goralii Zoological Sanctuary (UNESCO World Heritage Site) with the largest population of Amur tigers and the rare hoofed animal goral.
Primorsky Krai is part of the Far Eastern Federal District. The region includes 12 urban districts, 5 municipal districts, and 17 municipal okrugs. The krai covers an area of 164,700 square kilometers, accounting for 0.97% of Russia's total area (23rd among the country's federal subjects). As of early 2021, the population was 1,877,844.
The administrative, political, cultural, and economic center of Primorsky Krai is Vladivostok. The city is located on the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula and islands in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan.
Vladivostok is the center of the Russian Far Eastern Federal District, holds the status of a "Free Port," and since July 2018, Russky Island in Vladivostok has had the status of a Special Administrative District. In 2012, Vladivostok hosted the APEC summit. Since 2015, Vladivostok has been the venue for the annual Eastern Economic Forum.
It is the largest city and seaport in the Russian Far East, the terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway, a gateway to Asia-Pacific countries, and the largest scientific and educational center in the Far East, home to Far Eastern Federal University and the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Primorsky Krai has a developed transport infrastructure for exports. The krai has 13 major seaports and terminals, including 4 commercial ports, 3 fishing ports, 3 specialized timber terminals, and over 50 commercial marine terminals, 5 road border crossings, 3 railway crossings, and 1 air crossing. All commercial and fishing ports in the krai serve as transit points for cabotage and export-import cargo flows. The ports and marine terminals in southern Primorye are ice-free. The region's logistics capabilities are supported by a section of the Trans-Siberian Railway with access to seaports and border stations in China and North Korea, a modern Class A airport in Vladivostok, and the development of international transport corridor projects with China: "Primorye-1" and "Primorye-2."
The foundation of Primorsky Krai's export potential lies in its fishing and timber processing industries, shipbuilding, machinery and instrument manufacturing, agriculture, biomedical and tourism sectors, as well as emerging high-tech industries such as petrochemicals and gas chemistry. The krai actively exports seafood, plant-based products (soybeans and corn), and highly processed timber. Pharmaceutical products, including dietary supplements based on Primorye's oceanic and natural resources, and taiga adaptogens, which are abundant in the region, are also significant. Promising export directions include fertilizers (a mineral fertilizer plant is under construction in Nakhodka), various food products, confectionery, and ice cream.
Primorye's unique geographical position determines its special role in advancing Russia's strategic and economic interests in the Asia-Pacific region.
In 2022, Primorye's foreign trade turnover grew by 122%, reaching $13 billion. The number of partner countries increased to 122.
China is the region's largest trading partner. By the end of 2022, trade between Primorye and China reached $7.5 billion, accounting for 57.5% of the krai's total foreign trade.
The Republic of Korea is Primorye's second-largest trading partner, accounting for 19.6% of total trade by the end of 2022.
At the same time, Primorsky Krai has established friendly international relations with countries such as Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, India, Mongolia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, and CIS countries (Belarus, Uzbekistan, etc.).
Primorye has achieved significant success in developing cooperation with Belarus. Bilateral trade turnover in 2022 reached 7.6 billion rubles—a sixfold increase since 2019.
